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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
In English law, Irish law and Northern Irish law, unlawful killing is a verdict that can be returned by an inquest in England and Wales and Ireland when someone has been killed by one or more unknown persons. The verdict means that the killing was done without lawful excuse and in breach of criminal law. This includes murder, manslaughter, infanticide and causing death by dangerous driving. A verdict of unlawful killing generally leads to a police investigation, with the aim of gathering sufficient evidence to identify, charge and prosecute those responsible.[1]
The inquest does not normally name any individual person as responsible.[2] In R (on the application of Maughan) v Her Majesty's Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire[3] the Supreme Court clarified that the standard of proof for suicide and unlawful killing in an inquest is the civil standard of the balance of probabilities and not the criminal standard of beyond reasonable doubt.[4]
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In English law, Irish law and Northern Irish law, unlawful killing is a verdict that can be returned by an inquest in England and Wales and Ireland when someone has been killed by one or more unknown persons. The verdict means that the killing was done without lawful excuse and in breach of criminal law. This includes murder, manslaughter, infanticide and causing death by dangerous driving. A verdict of unlawful killing generally leads to a police investigation, with the aim of gathering sufficient evidence to identify, charge and prosecute those responsible. The inquest does not normally name any individual person as responsible. In R (on the application of Maughan) v Her Majesty's Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire the Supreme Court clarified that the standard of proof for suicide and unlawful killing in an inquest is the civil standard of the balance of probabilities and not the criminal standard of beyond reasonable doubt.
Unlawful Killing is a 2011 British documentary film about the deaths of Diana, Princess of Wales, and Dodi Fayed on 31 August 1997 directed by Keith Allen and financed by Dodi's father Mohamed Al-Fayed at a reported cost of £2.5m. It had a single trade screening during the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. The film argues that the British and French authorities covered up uncomfortable facts about the crash, accuses Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret of being "gangsters in tiaras", and alleges that Prince Philip was a psychopath, in the mould of British serial killer Fred West, who orchestrated the murder of Diana and Dodi. It also alleges that Diana's life could have been saved had she been taken to hospital quickly and efficiently, and condemns the inquest into her death for failing to investigate why this action was not taken. It perpetuates the long-standing allegation by Al-Fayed that the British royal family was opposed to Diana's relationship with Dodi due to his Muslim faith. Allen screened the film to invited journalists in Cannes during May 2011. He told a press conference: "I didn't want to make a sensationalist film, I don't believe it is a sensationalist film. I think it is a very forensic analysis of a process, a British legal process, and I think it reveals things that, I'm sorry, don't add up." Martyn Gregory, author of a book on the Princess of Wales's last days, has described the film as "ludicrous". He said: "It simply regurgitates everything Mohamed Fayed has been saying since the year 2000. It is rehearsing the Planet Fayed view." Lawyers asked to advise on the film by the producers said it would need 87 cuts before the film could be certified for release in the United Kingdom. It was not shown there. However, Allen believed that it would make money in the US, where conspiracy theories about Diana's death still have a following. Despite this optimism, it proved impossible to gain insurance against possible litigation in the United States, and the film was withdrawn.
The hundred-man killing contest (also known as the Contest to kill 100 people using a sword or Competition that shall determine who is more proficient at slaying one-hundred men exclusively through the art of the blade; Japanese: 百人斬り競争, romanized: hyakunin-giri kyōsō; Chinese: 百人斬比賽; pinyin: Bǎirén zhǎn bǐsài) was a sensationalized story published first in prominent Japanese newspapers including the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun and Osaka Mainichi Shimbun in late 1937 during the Japanese invasion of China. The articles described two Imperial Japanese Army officers, Toshiaki Mukai and Tsuyoshi Noda, competing to see who could kill 100 people with a sword first while advancing toward Nanjing. Reporters covered the "contest" as if it was a sporting event, complete with running tallies and competitive banter. Later, other Japanese newspapers had picked up and reprinted the stories. However modern historians widely regard these newspaper accounts as Japanese wartime propaganda or exaggeration. The original accounts printed in the newspaper described the killings as hand-to-hand combat; however, historians have suggested that they were most likely a part of Japanese mass killings of Chinese prisoners of war. Both officers were later convicted by the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity due to their involvement in atrocities, including the unlawful killing of Chinese POWs and civilians during the Nanjing Massacre, and were executed in 1948. They were not convicted solely on the basis of the contest articles. The news stories were rediscovered in the 1970s, which sparked a larger controversy over Japanese war crimes in China, particularly the Nanjing Massacre.
On 22 September 1999, Harry Stanley was shot dead by police in South Hackney, London. Someone had called the police alleging that an Irishman carrying a gun in a plastic bag had been seen in the area. Police intercepted Stanley, challenged him and shot him. Stanley was found to be Scottish and in his bag was a table leg which had been repaired by his brother. Initially his death was recorded with an open verdict, before being ruled as unlawful killing by a jury on appeal and finally returned to an open verdict by the High Court.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker