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This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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Shirley Chisholm — Unbought and Unbossed

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Voodoo3

Voodoo3
3dfx Voodoo3 2000 AGP
Release dateMarch 1999; 27 years ago (March 1999)
CodenameAvenger
Cards
Entry-levelVelocity 100, Velocity 200
Mid-rangeVoodoo3 1000, Voodoo3 2000
High-endVoodoo3 3000, OEM Voodoo3 3500
EnthusiastVoodoo3 3500 TV
Direct3DDirect3D 6.0
History
PredecessorVoodoo2
SuccessorVoodoo 5
Support status
Unsupported
3dfx Voodoo3 2000 PCI
3dfx Voodoo3 3000 AGP

Voodoo3 was a series of computer gaming video cards manufactured and designed by 3dfx Interactive. It was the successor to the company's high-end Voodoo2 line and was based heavily upon the older Voodoo Banshee product. Voodoo3 was announced at COMDEX '98 and arrived on store shelves in early 1999.[1] The Voodoo3 line was the first product manufactured by the combined STB Systems and 3dfx.[2]

History

[edit]

The 'Avenger' graphics core[3] was originally conceived immediately after Banshee. Due to mis-management by 3dfx, this caused the next-generation 'Rampage' project to suffer delays which would prove to be fatal to the entire company.

Avenger was pushed to the forefront as it offered a quicker time to market than the already delayed Rampage.[citation needed] Avenger was no more than the Banshee core with a second texture mapping unit (TMU) added - the same TMU which Banshee lost compared to Voodoo2. Avenger was thus merely a Voodoo2 with an integrated 128-bit 2D video accelerator and twice the clock speed.[1][2][3][4]

Architecture and performance

[edit]

Much was made of Voodoo3 (christened 'Avenger') and its 16-bit color rendering limitation. This was in fact quite complex, as Voodoo3 operated to full 32-bit precision (8 bits per channel, 16.7M colours) in its texture mappers and pixel pipeline as opposed to previous products from 3dfx and other vendors, which had only worked in 16-bit precision.[5][6]

To save framebuffer space, the Voodoo3's rendering output was dithered to 16 bit.[5] This offered better quality than running in pure 16-bit mode. However, a controversy arose over what happened next.

The Voodoo3's RAMDAC, which took the rendered frame from the framebuffer and generated the display image, performed a 2x2 box or 4x1 line filter on the dithered image to almost reconstruct the original 24-bit color render. 3dfx claimed this to be '22-bit' equivalent quality.[5] As such, Voodoo3's framebuffer was not representative of the final output, and therefore, screenshots did not accurately portray Voodoo3's display quality which was actually much closer to the 24-bit outputs of Nvidia's RIVA TNT2 and ATI's Rage 128.[7]

The internal organisation of Avenger was not complex. Pre-setup notably featured a guardband clipper (eventually part of hardware transformation and lighting) but the pixel pipeline was a conventional single-issue, dual-texture design almost identical to that featured on Voodoo2, but capable of working on 32-bit image data as opposed to Voodoo2's pure 16-bit output. Avenger's other remarkable features included the 128-bit GDI accelerator debuted in Banshee. This 2D engine led the Voodoo3 to be considered one of the more high-performance video cards of its generation.[8][9]

The Voodoo3 2000, 3000 and 3500 differed mainly in clock frequencies (memory and core were synchronous). The clock rates were 143 MHz, 166 MHz and 183 MHz respectively. While this gave the 3000 and 3500 a notable theoretical advantage in multi-textured fillrate over its main rival, the TNT2 clocked at 125 MHz, the TNT2 had nearly twice the single-textured fillrate of the Voodoo3. In addition, the Voodoo3 consisted of one multi-texturing pipeline, the TNT series consisted of twin single texturing pipelines.[10] As a result, Voodoo3 was disadvantaged in games not using multiple texturing. The 2000 and 3000 boards generally differed in their support for TV output; the 3500 boards also carried a TV tuner and provided a wide range of video inputs and outputs.

At the time modern multi-texturing games such as Quake III Arena and Unreal Tournament were considered Voodoo3's performance territory, as Voodoo3's primary competition upon release was the dated RIVA TNT.[9] Nvidia's RIVA TNT2 arrived shortly thereafter and the two traded places frequently in benchmark results.[11]

Although the Voodoo3 was a replacement for the Voodoo2, it was often beaten by Voodoo2 SLI cards in direct comparisons.[12]

Voodoo 3 supported MPEG-2 video acceleration.[13]

Voodoo3 remained performance competitive throughout its life, eventually being comprehensively outclassed by Nvidia's GeForce 256 and ATI's Radeon. 3dfx created the ill-fated Voodoo 5 to counter.

3dfx Velocity

[edit]

3dfx released a line of business / value-oriented cards based on the Voodoo3 Avenger chipset. With the purchase of STB Systems, 3dfx had acquired several popular brand names. The Velocity brand had appealed to OEM system builders for years, with boards such as the S3 Graphics ViRGE VX-based STB Velocity 3D and Nvidia RIVA 128-based Velocity 128 being used in many OEM systems from companies such as Gateway. The 3dfx Velocity boards came with only 8 MB of RAM, compared to 16 MB on a regular Voodoo3. In addition, one of the texture management units came disabled as well, making the board more like a Banshee. Enthusiasts discovered that it was possible to enable the disabled TMU with a simple registry alteration.[14] The board's clock speed was set at 143 MHz, exactly the same as a Voodoo3 2000.[15]

Drivers

[edit]

The last set of drivers officially released for the Voodoo3 on Win9x was version 1.07.00. For Win2000 the latest version is 1.03.00. Dual monitor support with V1.1.3b for Mac OS 8 and 9.[16] After 3dfx shut its doors, 3rd party drivers for Windows 98/98SE, 2000, Me and XP were developed by loyal 3dfx customers.[citation needed] Drivers for Windows XP are still available at Microsoft for download.

Models

[edit]
Model Launch Code name VGA1 Fab (nm) Bus interface Memory (MB) Core clock (MHz) Memory clock (MHz) Core config2 Fillrate Memory Direct3D support
MOperations/s
MPixels/s
MTexels/s
MVertices/s
Bandwidth (GB/s)
Bus type
Bus width (bit)
Velocity 100 July 26, 1999 Avenger ✓ 250 AGP 2x 8 143 143 2:1 143 143 286 0 2.288 SDR 128 6.0
Velocity 200 Never released Avenger ✓ 250 AGP 2x 16 143 143 2:1 143 143 286 0 2.288 SDR 128 6.0
Voodoo3 1000 March 1999 Avenger ✓ 250 AGP 2x 8, 16 125, 143 125, 143 2:1 125 125 250 0 2, 2.288 SDR 128 6.0
Voodoo3 2000 April 7, 1999 Avenger ✓ 250 AGP 2x, PCI 16 143 143 2:1 143 143 286 0 2.288 SDR 128 6.0
Voodoo3 3000 April 7, 1999 Avenger ✓ 250 AGP 2x, PCI 16 166 166 2:1 166 166 333 0 2.66 SDR 128 6.0
Voodoo3 3500 TVsi April 7, 1999 Avenger ✓ 250 AGP 2x 16 166 166 2:1 166 166 333 0 2.66 SDR 128 6.0
Voodoo3 3500 TV June 1999 Avenger ✓ 250 AGP 2x 16 183 183 2:1 183 183 366 0 2.928 SDR 128 6.0
Voodoo3 3500 TV SE June 1999 Avenger ✓ 250 AGP 2x 16 200 200 2:1 200 200 400 0 3.19 SDR 128 6.0
  • 1 VGA: Whether the card included a built-in VGA subsystem and ran as a standalone graphics card
  • 2 – 3Dfx Velocity cards only have 1 working TMU enabled on OpenGL and Glide games, but both TMUs working under DirectX games.[17]

Competing chipsets

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b 3Dfx Interactive Blasts COMDEX with Voodoo3 Debut And Four Voodoo Banshee PC-OEM Announcements, 3dfx Press Release, November 16, 1998.
  2. ^ a b Brown, Peter (March 1, 1999). "3Dfx Takes Chance on Boards - Voodoo3 2000, Voodoo3 3000, and Voodoo3 3500 - Product Announcement". Electronic News. 45 (2259). Archived from the original on September 4, 2006 – via FindArticles.
  3. ^ a b "3dfx Avenger GPU Specs | TechPowerUP GPU Database". TechPowerUp. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
  4. ^ Pabst, Thomas. New 3D Chips – Banshee, G200, RIVA TNT And Savage3D Archived November 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Tom's Hardware, August 18, 1998.
  5. ^ a b c Beets, Kristof. 3dfx '22Bit Colour' Explored, Beyond3D, May 7, 1999.
  6. ^ Norton-Smith, Hugh (February 2000). "3dfx Bites Back With Voodoo 4/5". PC PowerPlay. No. 45. p. 102. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  7. ^ Lal Shimpi, Anand. Nvidia Riva TNT2, Anandtech, April 27, 1999.
  8. ^ Fastsite. Matrox Millennium G400 16MB Review Archived 2006-07-21 at the Wayback Machine, X-bit Labs, July 2, 1999.
  9. ^ a b Lal Shimpi, Anand. 3dfx Voodoo3, Anandtech, April 3, 1999.
  10. ^ Beyond3D 3D Chip Tables Archived 2006-01-18 at the Wayback Machine, Beyond3D.Com, accessed August 30, 2006.
  11. ^ Lal Shimpi, Anand. NVIDIA Riva TNT2, Anandtech, April 27, 1999.
  12. ^ Pabst, Thomas.[1], Tom's Hardware, February 22, 1999.
  13. ^ VGA Legacy MKIII - 3Dfx Voodoo 3 3000
  14. ^ "Exploring the Velocity". Archived from the original on September 9, 2014. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
  15. ^ Andrawes, Mike. 3dfx Velocity 100, Anandtech, October 29, 1999.
  16. ^ Voodoo3 Drivers
  17. ^ Vlask. "VGA Legacy MKIII - 3Dfx Velocity 100". Retrieved 2017-05-25.

Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

Wikipedia

Voodoo3

Voodoo3 was a series of computer gaming video cards manufactured and designed by 3dfx Interactive. It was the successor to the company's high-end Voodoo2 line and was based heavily upon the older Voodoo Banshee product. Voodoo3 was announced at COMDEX '98 and arrived on store shelves in early 1999. The Voodoo3 line was the first product manufactured by the combined STB Systems and 3dfx.

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Wikipedia

PowerVR

PowerVR is a division of Imagination Technologies (formerly VideoLogic) that develops hardware and software for 2D and 3D rendering, and for video encoding, decoding, associated image processing and DirectX, OpenGL ES, OpenVG, and OpenCL acceleration. PowerVR also develops AI accelerators called Neural Network Accelerator (NNA). The PowerVR product line was originally introduced to compete in the desktop PC market for 3D hardware accelerators with a product with a better price–performance ratio than existing products like those from 3dfx Interactive. Rapid changes in that market, notably with the introduction of OpenGL and Direct3D, led to rapid consolidation. PowerVR introduced new versions with low-power electronics that were aimed at the laptop computer market. Over time, this developed into a series of designs that could be incorporated into system-on-a-chip architectures suitable for handheld device use. PowerVR accelerators are not manufactured by PowerVR, but instead their IP blocks of integrated circuit designs and patents are licensed to other companies, such as Texas Instruments, Intel, NEC, BlackBerry, Renesas, Samsung, Sony, STMicroelectronics, Freescale, Apple, NXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips Semiconductors), and many others.

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Wikipedia

GeForce 256

The GeForce 256 is the original release in Nvidia's "GeForce" product line. Announced on August 31, 1999 and released on October 11, 1999, the GeForce 256 improves on its predecessor (RIVA TNT2) by increasing the number of fixed pixel pipelines, offloading host geometry calculations to a hardware transform and lighting (T&L) engine, and adding hardware motion compensation for MPEG-2 video. It offered a notable leap in 3D PC gaming performance and was the first fully Direct3D 7-compliant 3D accelerator.

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Wikipedia

3dfx

3dfx Interactive, Inc. was an American computer hardware company headquartered in San Jose, California, founded in 1994, that specialized in the manufacturing of 3D graphics processing units, and later, video cards. It was a pioneer in the field from the mid 1990s to 2000. The company's original product was the Voodoo Graphics, an add-in card that implemented hardware acceleration of 3D graphics. The hardware accelerated only 3D rendering, relying on the PC's current video card for 2D support. Despite this limitation, the Voodoo Graphics product and its follow-up, Voodoo2, were popular. It became standard for 3D games to offer support for the company's Glide API. Renewed interest in 3D games led to the success of the company's products and by the second half of the 1990s products combining a 2D output with 3D performance were appearing. This was accelerated by the introduction of Microsoft's Direct3D, which provided a single high-performance API that could be implemented on these cards, seriously eroding the value of Glide. While 3dfx continued to offer high-performance options, the value proposition was no longer compelling. In the late 1990s 3dfx had an infringement lawsuit which combined with lower sales in the latter years led Nvidia to acquire 3dfx for their engineers, which they acquired around one hundred of. Most of the company's assets were acquired by Nvidia Corporation on December 15, 2000, mostly for intellectual property rights. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase by Nvidia and was completed by the first quarter of its fiscal year of 2002. 3dfx ceased supporting its products on February 15, 2001, and filed for bankruptcy on October 15, 2002.

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Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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Who was the first African-American woman millionaire in the United States?

Madam C.J. Walker