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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

Explore Black History

Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.

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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.

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People

Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.

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Places

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Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century

Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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NMAAHC

Firefighter badge worn by John Ruffins, Jr.

Date
1970s
Description
A silver metal FDNY badge (a) worn by Captain John Louis Ruffins, Jr. with a black leather badge holder (b). The badge design consists of a Maltese cross shield with a center circle surrounded by four V-shaped quadrilaterals. An eagle perches atop the uppermost quadrilateral, in the middle of which is printed [471]. The center circle has a relief design of the Seal of New York City. Around the seal is the text [CAPTAIN / FIRE DEPT. NEW YORK] set against a red enamel background. The badge is held in a soft black leather folding case with a gold metal snap closure.
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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification
Awards, Medals, and Insignia
Accessories and Personal Effects
Credit Line
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Paul M. Ruffins in memory of John L. Ruffins, Jr.
Data Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Object number
2020.25ab
Type
badges
Restrictions & Rights
Unknown - Restrictions Possible
Rights assessment and proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
Medium
metal and enamel with leather
Dimensions
H x W x D: 3 3/8 × 2 5/8 × 3/8 in. (8.6 × 6.7 × 1 cm)
Title
Object Name • Firefighter badge worn by John Ruffins, Jr.
Record ID
nmaahc_2020.25ab
Museum
NMAAHC
Title Sort
FIREFIGHTER BADGE WORN BY JOHN RUFFINS, JR.
Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Metadata Usage
CC0
Date
1970s
Geo Location
City • New York City • State • New York • Country • United States • Continent • North and Central America
Type
Online Media Type
Images
Online Media Rights
Unknown - Restrictions Possible

Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Rights and restrictions shown above are supplied by the Smithsonian record.

NMAAHC

Broadside in support of the "Danville Circular"

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

Coalition Rule in Danville

Date: Date

Caption

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NMAAHC

Firefighter badge worn by John Ruffins, Jr.

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry

Date: Date

Caption

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which heavyweight champion was known as the “Brown Bomber”?

Joe Louis.