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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Wenchang | |
|---|---|
| 文昌话 | |
| Native to | Southern China |
| Region | Wenchang, Hainan |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | wenc1234 Wenchang |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-kd |
The Wenchang dialect (simplified Chinese: 文昌话; traditional Chinese: 文昌話; pinyin: Wénchānghuà) is a dialect of Hainanese spoken in Wenchang, a county-level city in the northeast of Hainan, an island province in southern China.
It is considered the prestige form of Hainanese, and is used by the provincial broadcasting media.
The initials of the Wenchang dialect are as follows:[4]
| Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop / Affricate | voiceless | t | tɕ | k | ʔ | |
| voiced implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
| voiced | b | d | dʑ | g | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | ɸ | s | ɕ | h | |
| voiced | (w) | (j) | ɦ | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
The semivowels [w] and [j] are in complementary distribution with [ɦ], and may be treated as allophones of the same phoneme.[5] The voiced stops /d/ and /g/ occur with only about ten words each.[6]
There are five vowels, /i/, /u/, /ɛ/, /ɔ/ and /a/.[7] The high vowels /i/ and /u/ may also occur as medials.[8]
The possible finals are:[9]
| Vocalic codas | Nasal codas | Stop codas | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a 阿 | ai 爱 | au 后 | am 暗 | an 安 | aŋ 红 | ap 盒 | at 达 | ak 北 |
| ɛ 下 | ei 事 | eiŋ 英 | eik 益 | |||||
| i 皮 | iu 手 | in 新 | ip 邑 | it 必 | ||||
| ia 写 | iau 妖 | iam 念 | iɛn 联 | iaŋ 谁 | iap 狭 | iɛt 捏 | iak 菊 | |
| iɔ 笑 | iom 心 | iɔŋ 用 | iop 涩 | iɔk 育 | ||||
| ɔ 歌 | ɔi 鞋 | ou 侯 | ɔm 栾 | ɔn 春 | ɔŋ 公 | ɔp 合 | ɔt 黜 | ɔk 乐 |
| u 有 | ui 气 | un 轮 | ut 脫 | |||||
| ua 娃 | uai 快 | uan 湾 | uaŋ 广 | uat 挖 | uak 廓 | |||
| ue 话 | ||||||||
| m̩ 毋 | ŋ̍ 嗯 | |||||||
The Wenchang dialect has six tones on isolated syllabes:[10]
| level (píng 平) | rising (shàng 上) | departing (qù 去) | entering (rù 入) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| upper (yīn 阴) | ˦ | ʔ˨˩ | ˩ | ʔ˥˩ |
| lower (yáng 阳) | ˧ | ʔ˦˨ | ||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 | This Sino-Tibetan languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Wenchang dialect (simplified Chinese: 文昌话; traditional Chinese: 文昌話; pinyin: Wénchānghuà) is a dialect of Hainanese spoken in Wenchang, a county-level city in the northeast of Hainan, an island province in southern China. It is considered the prestige form of Hainanese, and is used by the provincial broadcasting media.
The Hainanese Transliteration Scheme (Chinese: 海南話拼音方案) is a romanization scheme developed by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in September 1960 as one of four systems collectively referred to as Guangdong Romanization. The scheme describes the Wenchang dialect spoken in Wenchang, Hainan which is considered to be the prestige dialect of Hainanese. At the time of the scheme's creation, Hainan was part of Guangdong, until it was separated to form its own province in 1988. This system utilises the Latin alphabet with superscript numbers to represent tone.
Wenchang (Chinese: 文昌; pinyin: Wénchāng; HTS: Bun2sio1; postal: Mencheong) is a county-level city in the northeast of Hainan Island in China. Covering an area of 2,403 square kilometres (928 sq mi), the city has a coastline of 207 kilometres (129 mi), and is divided into 17 towns. The city is a major target for typhoons in the northwestern Pacific, and experiences the most frequent and severe typhoon-induced storm surges in the South China Sea. The city is a major ancestral home of Chinese diaspora, with the local dish Wenchang chicken as an origin of Hainanese chicken rice in Southeast Asia. Since 2016, the city has also been home to China’s newest spaceport.
The Fuzhou language (simplified Chinese: 福州话; traditional Chinese: 福州話; pinyin: Fúzhōuhuà; FR: Hók-ciŭ-uâ [huʔ˨˩ tsiu˥˧ ua˨˦˨] ), also Foochow, Hokchew, Hok-chiu, Fuzhounese, or Fujianese, is the prestige variety of the Eastern Min branch of Min Chinese spoken mainly in the Mindong region of Eastern Fujian Province. As it is mutually unintelligible to neighbouring varieties (e.g. Hinghua and Hokkien) in the province, under a technical linguistic definition Fuzhou is a language and not a dialect (conferring the variety a 'dialect' status is more socio-politically motivated than linguistic). Thus, while Fuzhou may be commonly referred to as a 'dialect' by laypersons, this is colloquial usage and not recognised in academic linguistics. Like many other varieties of Chinese, the Fuzhou dialect is dominated by monosyllabic morphemes that carry lexical tones, and has a mainly analytic syntax. While the Eastern Min branch it belongs to is relatively closer to other branches of Min such as Southern Min or Pu-Xian Min than to other Sinitic branches such as Mandarin, Wu Chinese or Hakka, they are still not mutually intelligible. Centered in Fuzhou City, the Fuzhou dialect covers 11 cities and counties in China: Fuzhou City Proper, Pingnan, Gutian, Luoyuan, Minqing, Lianjiang, Minhou, Changle, Yongtai, Fuqing and Pingtan; and Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands), in Taiwan (the ROC). It is also the second local language in many northern and middle Fujian cities and counties such as Nanping, Sanming, Shaowu, Shunchang, and Youxi. The Fuzhou dialect is also widely spoken in some regions abroad, many Fuzhou people have emigrated to Japan, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and some Southeastern Asian cities. The Malaysian city of Sibu is called "New Fuzhou" due to the influx of immigrants there in the late 19th century and early 1900s.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
