q2K BHP
Black History Portal
THE BHP WIRE —
HIDDEN TRUTHS
GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS
What's New!
THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME
BHP HOME BEFORE AMERICA 1800–1936 1937–1957 1958–1980 1981–2000 2001–PRESENT

Explore Black History

Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.

✊🏾

Civil Rights

Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.

⚙️

Black Inventors

Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.

🏆

Sports

Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.

♟️

People

Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.

📍

Places

Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.

📜

Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

Enter a person, place, event, or topic.
MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

MORE →
BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Wilmington 1898 — An American Coup

Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.

MORE →
BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
← BACK TO RESULTS
Wikipedia

PsychoPy

PsychoPy
DeveloperJonathan Peirce
Release2003
Stable release
2025.1.1[1] / 12 May 2025; 17 months ago (12 May 2025)
Written inPython
Operating systemCross-platform
LicenseGNU GPL v3+
Websitewww.psychopy.org Edit this on Wikidata
Repository

PsychoPy is an open source software package written in the Python programming language primarily for use in neuroscience and experimental psychology research.[2][3] Developed initially as a Python library and then as an application with a graphical interface, it now also supports JavaScript outputs to run studies online and on mobile devices. Unlike most packages, it provides users with a choice of interface: they can generate experiments by writing Python scripts, use a graphical interface that will generate a script for them, or combine both methods. Its platform independence is achieved through use of the wxPython widget library for the application and OpenGL for graphics calls. It is also capable of generating and delivering auditory stimuli.

The project was initially supported only by volunteer code and forum contributions alongside grants from The Royal Society, The University of Nottingham, Wellcome Trust, and BBSRC project.[3] A 2018 grant from the Wellcome Trust allowed for hiring of a full-time staff.[4]

According to its usage statistics page, Psychopy was launched on more than 20,000 different computers in November, 2018, and has gained relative usage by month every year since its initial release in 2003.[5]

History and versions

[edit]

PsychoPy is continually updated with 5-10 releases each year, containing new features and bug fixes. Here are some major releases in the history of PsychoPy:

  • PsychoPy : library and code editor
    • 2002: PsychoPy was originally written by Peirce as a proof of concept - that a high-level scripting language could generate experimental stimuli in real time (existing solutions, such as Psychtoolbox, had to pre-generate movies or use CLUT animation techniques). The project was initially registered on sourceforge.net under the name "psychpy" on 14 March 2002.
    • 2003-2005: this was extended to be able to generate experiments in the author's lab at Nottingham University and made available as an open source project on the internet. At this time PsychoPy was a library (Python package) that could be imported by Python scripts. Installing was complex because of the dependencies.
    • 2006: An editor was added, so that users could use PsychoPy as an 'application' rather than a library
    • April 2009: Version 1.0 released, including all main features of the library
  • PsychoPy2 : addition of the graphical Builder interface. Note that, although this phase of development gave the application the name PsychoPy2, version 2.0 itself was never released.
    • September 2009: Version 1.50 released, including a preview of new GUI interface. This new interface, the Builder view, allowed users to generate a very wide range of experiments without a knowledge of programming.
    • April 2011: Version 1.64 Used for both research and undergraduate teaching at various universities. Over 1500 users per month worldwide.[5]
    • June 2013: Version 1.77 released, including ioHub for faster (asynchronous) polling of hardware.
    • September 2014: Version 1.81 released, including the ability to specify PsychoPy version in the experiment. PsychoPy will then load this version during run-time, regardless of the version installed - including future versions.
    • July 2016: User support forum migrated to hosted service by Discourse.com (from googlegroups)
    • March 2018: Version 1.90 released, first version with Python 3 support.
  • PsychoPy3 : running studies online
    • Jan 2018: Wellcome Trust Technology Development Grant awarded[6] to fund development of online experiment support
    • August 2018: Official launch of PsychoPy3 (several beta releases followed[7]) and pavlovia.org website to support hosting and sharing of studies
    • Jan 2019: Support for PC connected Oculus VR headsets.

Key people

[edit]

A large number of people have contributed to the project over the years, in terms of code,[8] but also by supporting users on the community forum.[9] A few of the major contributors are listed below:

  • Jonathan Peirce
  • Jeremy Gray
  • Michael MacAskill
  • Sol Simpson
  • Richard Höchenberger
  • Alain Pitiot
  • David Bridges
  • Jonas Lindeløv
  • Erik Kastman
  • Hiroyuki Sogo
  • Matthew Cutone
  • Damien Mannion
  • Yaroslav Halchenko

References

[edit]
  1. ^ psychopy. "Release PsychoPy 2025.1.1 · psychopy/psychopy". Retrieved 16 September 2025.
  2. ^ Peirce JW (May 2007). "PsychoPy--Psychophysics software in Python". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 162 (1–2): 8–13. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017. PMC 2018741. PMID 17254636. Open access icon
  3. ^ a b Peirce JW (15 January 2009). "Generating Stimuli for Neuroscience Using PsychoPy". Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. 2: 10. doi:10.3389/neuro.11.010.2008. PMC 2636899. PMID 19198666. Open access icon
  4. ^ "Wellcome Trust funding: PsychoPy is going properly online!". PsychoPy. 2017-07-26. Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  5. ^ a b Peirce JW. "PsychoPy usage". Open Science Tools Ltd. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  6. ^ "360Giving GrantNav". grantnav.threesixtygiving.org. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  7. ^ "Changelog — PsychoPy v3.1". www.psychopy.org. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  8. ^ "PsychoPy contributors". GitHub.
  9. ^ "PsychoPy forum".
[edit]

Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

Wikipedia

WxPython

wxPython is a wrapper for the cross-platform GUI API (often referred to as a "toolkit") wxWidgets (which is written in C++) for the Python programming language. It is one of the alternatives to Tkinter. It is implemented as a Python extension module (native code).

MORE →
Wikipedia

PyGTK

PyGTK is a set of Python wrappers for the GTK graphical user interface library. PyGTK is free software and licensed under the LGPL. It is analogous to PyQt/PySide and wxPython, the Python wrappers for Qt and wxWidgets, respectively. Its original author is GNOME developer James Henstridge. There are six people in the core development team, with various other people who have submitted patches and bug reports. PyGTK has been selected as the environment of choice for applications running on One Laptop Per Child systems. PyGTK was phased out with the transition to GTK version 3 and be replaced with PyGObject, which uses GObject Introspection to generate bindings for Python and other languages on the fly. This is expected to eliminate the delay between GTK updates and corresponding language binding updates, as well as reduce maintenance burden on the developers.

MORE →
Wikipedia

Matplotlib

Matplotlib (a portmanteau of MATLAB, plot, and library) is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. It provides an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using general-purpose GUI toolkits like Tkinter, wxPython, Qt, or GTK. There is also a procedural "pylab" interface based on a state machine (like OpenGL), designed to closely resemble that of MATLAB, though its use is discouraged. SciPy makes use of Matplotlib. Matplotlib was originally written by John D. Hunter. Since then it has had an active development community and is distributed under a BSD-style license. Michael Droettboom was nominated as Matplotlib's lead developer shortly before John Hunter's death in August 2012 and was further joined by Thomas Caswell. Matplotlib is a NumFOCUS fiscally sponsored project.

MORE →
Wikipedia

PsychoPy

PsychoPy is an open source software package written in the Python programming language primarily for use in neuroscience and experimental psychology research. Developed initially as a Python library and then as an application with a graphical interface, it now also supports JavaScript outputs to run studies online and on mobile devices. Unlike most packages, it provides users with a choice of interface: they can generate experiments by writing Python scripts, use a graphical interface that will generate a script for them, or combine both methods. Its platform independence is achieved through use of the wxPython widget library for the application and OpenGL for graphics calls. It is also capable of generating and delivering auditory stimuli. The project was initially supported only by volunteer code and forum contributions alongside grants from The Royal Society, The University of Nottingham, Wellcome Trust, and BBSRC project. A 2018 grant from the Wellcome Trust allowed for hiring of a full-time staff. According to its usage statistics page, Psychopy was launched on more than 20,000 different computers in November, 2018, and has gained relative usage by month every year since its initial release in 2003.

MORE →
TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

MORE →
TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

What prosperous Tulsa district became widely known as “Black Wall Street”?

The Greenwood District.